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- <text>
- <title>
- (1940s) The Bomb & The Fall Of Japan
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1940s Highlights
- </history>
- <link 08073>
- <link 00104><link 00106><link 00090><article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- The Bomb & the Fall of Japan
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> [With Germany defeated, Allied strategists began repositioning
- men and materiel for a 1946 invasion of Japan's home islands,
- fully aware of the immense difficulties they would face. Then
- the use of a new weapon precluded such an invasion and induced
- Japan to end hostilities.]
- </p>
- <p>(August 13, 1945)
- </p>
- <p> A new era was born--the age of atomic force. Like many an
- epoch in man's progress toward civilization, it was wombed in
- war's destruction. The birth was announced one day this week by
- the President of the United States. His words:
- </p>
- <p> "Sixteen hours ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on
- Hiroshima, an important Japanese army base. That bomb had more
- power than 20,000 tons of TNT...It is an atomic bomb. It is a
- harnessing of the basic power of the universe...What has been
- done is the greatest achievement of organized science in
- history..."
- </p>
- <p> Thus to the U.S., already in military and scientific prowess,
- had come man's most destructive weapon.
- </p>
- <p> The atomic bomb was something more than an instrument to
- shape 1945's history. It represented a brutal challenge to the
- world to keep the peace. The scientists had created, and had
- successfully applied, a weapon which might wipe out with a few
- strokes any nation's power to resist an enemy.
- </p>
- <p> For scientists and laymen alike, this week's historic blast
- was the first indication of the progress made in the greatest
- and most-secret research race of the war. Except for a few
- breathless tales of mysterious walled laboratories and factories
- whose workers were interned for the duration, scarcely a word
- leaked out.
- </p>
- <p> A host of famed scientists, including such bigwigs as Niels
- Bohr, Ernest Lawrence, Arthur Holly Compton and James B. Conant,
- were enlisted in it. Hidden under the official designation
- "Manhattan Project," the vast forbidden areas in Tennessee,
- Washington and New Mexico got top priorities not only a materiel
- but on scientific brains and effort.
- </p>
- <p> Principal credit for the fruitful channeling of this rich
- source of brainpower, announced Secretary of War Stimson,
- belongs to "the genius and inspiration" of slight, dark
- Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, 41, of the University of
- California and California Institute of Technology. Long a
- vanguard authority on atomic structure, he is, says his
- colleagues, "one of the world's greatest geniuses, no question
- about it."
- </p>
- <p> The Stretch. When in March 1941, the process was discovered
- for manufacturing the atomic explosive, chemists feared it would
- take years to perfect a method of making it in quantity.
- </p>
- <p> But last July 12, the scientists were ready to test their
- product. In an old ranch house on the New Mexican desert
- southeast of Albuquerque, a company of jittery men watched
- Cornell Physicist Robert Bacher assemble the first atomic bomb.
- </p>
- <p> Thunder & lightning rumbled and flashed in the early morning
- of July 16 when the final test was to be made. The bomb was
- carefully mounted on a steel tower hung with instruments to
- record the effects of the explosion. Over five miles away, the
- scientists lay flat, listening breathlessly to the time signals.
- At "minus 45 seconds" a robot mechanism took over the controls
- and the watchers lived the tensest seconds of their lives.
- </p>
- <p> Suddenly there was a tremendous sustained roar. In
- Albuquerque, 120 miles away, the sky blazed noonday-bright. The
- scientists close at hand looked up in time to see a huge,
- multicolored pillar of cloud surging up over 40,000 feet in the
- sky. But where the steel tower stood, there was only a crater.
- The tower had completely vaporized.
- </p>
- <p> [The Japanese surrendered on August 14. Two weeks later, the
- instruments of surrender were formally signed aboard the U.S.S.
- Missouri.]
- </p>
- <p>(September 10, 1945)
- </p>
- <p> TIME Correspondent Theodore H. White cabled:
- </p>
- <p> "The Japanese had been piped aboard four minutes before
- MacArthur made his appearance: Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru
- Shigemitsu, limping on his wooden leg, solemn-faced Chief of the
- Imperial General Staff, Yoshijiro Umezu.
- </p>
- <p> "Complete silence greeted them as they ascended the deck. The
- American generals watched them come to attention in their
- designated places with varying degrees of emotion.
- </p>
- <p> "MacArthur stepped out from a cabin, stood stiffly erect and
- began reading with all the mellifluous, sonorous qualities of
- his magnificent voice. The only sign of his emotion was the
- trembling of the hands in which he held his paper.
- </p>
- <p> "As he closed the introductory remarks he half turned and
- faced the Japs with a piercing stare and said: `I announced it
- my firm purpose...to insure that the terms of surrender are
- fully, promptly and faithfully complied with.'
- </p>
- <p> "Shigemitsu, doffing his silk hat and peeling a yellow glove
- from his right hand, limped forward to sign the document and was
- assisted to a chair. Umezu followed.
- </p>
- <p> "In almost unbroken silence the ship's crew assembled as
- witnesses and watched one delegate after another affix their
- signatures. Grey, overcast skies had hung over the ship all
- during the ceremony. As the New Zealand delegate stepped forward
- to sign his name as the last on the list, the skies parted and
- the sun shone bright through the clouds.
- </p>
- <p> "MacArthur stepped forward and said slowly `Let us pray that
- peace be now restored to the world and that God will preserve
- it always.'
- </p>
- <p> "He lifted his eyes from the script, faced the Japanese, and
- declared: `These proceedings are closed.'
- </p>
- <p> "As the Japs departed, grey skies closed in again on the grey
- ships, and there was a steady drone in the sky. The drone became
- a deafening roar, and a mass of U.S. planes swept over the
- ships--400 B29s and 1,500 fleet carrier planes--in a final
- salute. Then it was quiet again. The ceremony--and the war--were
- over."</p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-